Table 24-5 DBMS_CRYPTO Encryption Algorithms
Name Description
ENCRYPT_DES Data Encryption Standard. Block cipher. Uses key length of 56 bits.
ENCRYPT_3DES_2KEY Data Encryption Standard. Block cipher. Operates on a block 3 times with 2 keys. Effective key length of 112 bits.
ENCRYPT_3DES Data Encryption Standard. Block cipher. Operates on a block 3 times.
ENCRYPT_AES128 Advanced Encryption Standard. Block cipher. Uses 128-bit key size.
ENCRYPT_AES192 Advanced Encryption Standard. Block cipher. Uses 192-bit key size.
ENCRYPT_AES256 Advanced Encryption Standard. Block cipher. Uses 256-bit key size.
ENCRYPT_RC4 Stream cipher. Uses a secret, randomly generated key unique to each session.
Fonte: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14258/d_crypto.htm#i1004145
O DES possui chave de 56 bits pois 8 bits são de paridade. Sendo assim, um 3DES com 2 chaves teria força de 112 bits (56 + 56)