Questão 4122907

• Banca: VUNESP
• Órgão: Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP
• Ano: 2019
• Provas: VUNESP - 2019 - Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP - Professor II - Língua Inglesa
• Disciplina: Inglês
• Assuntos: Pronome reflexivo | Reflexive Pronoun; Pronomes | Pronouns

Leia o texto e responda à questão.

The birth of a nation

     The most memorable writing in eighteenth-century America was done by the founding fathers, the men who led the American Revolution of 1775-1783 and wrote the constitution of 1989. But none of them were writers of fiction. Rather, they were practical philosophers, and their most typical product was the political pamphlet. They shared the European Enlightenment belief that human reason could understand both nature and man. Unlike the Puritans – who saw man as a sinful failure – the Enlightenment men were sure man could improve himself. They wanted to create a happy society based on justice and freedom.

     The writings of Benjamin Franklin (1706 -1790) show the Enlightenment spirit in America at its best and most optimistic. His style is quite modern and, even today, his works are a joy to read. At the same time, there’s something “anti-literary” about Franklin. He had no liking for poetry and felt that writing should always have a practical purpose.

     Almanacs, containing much useful information for farmers and sailors (about the next year’s weather, sea tides, etc.), were a popular form of practical literature. Together with the Bible and the newspaper, they were the most-widely read and often the only reading matter in most Colonial households. Franklin made his Almanac interesting by creating the character “Little Richard”. Each new edition continued a simple but realist story about Richard, his wife and family. He also included many “sayings” about saving money and working hard. Some of those are known to most Americans today:

     Lost time is never found again.

     God helps those who help themselves.

     In 1757 Franklin collected together the best of his sayings and published The Way to Wealth. This little book became one of the best-sellers of the Western World and was translated into many languages.

(Peter High. Outline of American Literature . Essex, Longman. 1996. Adaptado)

One of Benjamin Franklin’s sayings states that “God helps those who help themselves”. Another popular saying in English with the correct use of a reflexive pronoun is found in alternative

• A. A house divided against herself cannot stand.
• B. Do unto others as you would do to themselves.
• C. Take care of the pennies and the dollars will take care of themselves.
• D. Some men are born mediocre, some men achieve mediocrity, and some men, have mediocrity thrust upon himself.
• E. Nothing succeeds like success himself.

Gabarito: C

Comentários

• A- A house divided against herself cannot stand. (itself)

  B- Do unto others as you would do to themselves. (yourself)

  C- Take care of the pennies and the dollars will take care of themselves.

  D- Some men are born mediocre, some men achieve mediocrity, and some men, have mediocrity thrust upon himself. (themselves - Man = homen; Men = homens)

  E- Nothing succeeds like success himself. (itself)

• A questão cobra conhecimento gramatical, especificamente sobre pronomes reflexivos.
  
  
  Vamos analisar o enunciado:
  
  
  
  One of Benjamin Franklin's sayings states that “God helps those who help themselves". Another popular saying in English with the correct use of a reflexive pronoun is found in alternative... = Um dos ditos de Benjamin Franklin afirma que “Deus ajuda aqueles que se ajudam". Outro ditado popular em inglês com o uso correto de um pronome reflexivo é encontrado na alternativa...
  
  
  
  Vamos revisar o uso de Pronomes Reflexivos:
  
  
  Os Pronomes Reflexivos (Reflexive Pronouns) são usados para indicar que a ação está relacionada ao próprio sujeito ou então podem ser empregados para dar ênfase à pessoa que pratica a ação. Estes pronomes tem as  terminações self (no singular) e selves (no plural). A cada Pronome Pessoal  corresponde um Pronome Reflexivo.
  
  
  I  -  myself   (a mim mesmo, -me)
  
  
  you - yourself   (a ti, a você mesmo(a), -te,-se)
  
  
  he  - himself   (a si, a ele mesmo, -se)
  
  
  she  - herself   (a si, a ela mesma, -se)
  
  
  it - itself   (a si mesmo(a), -se)
  
  
  we – ourselves   (a nós mesmos(as), -nos)
  
  
  
  you - yourselves   (a vós, a vocês mesmos(as), -vos,-se)
  
  
  they - themselves   (a si, a eles mesmos, a elas mesmas, -se)
  
  
  Veja alguns exemplos:
  
  
  Marcus wrote the email himself.  = O próprio Marcus escreveu o email.
  
  
  I will wash my car myself. = Eu própria/mesma lavarei meu carro.
  
  They homeschooled the children themselves.  = Eles próprios educaram os filhos em casa.
  
  
  
  
  Analisando as alternativas teremos:
  
  
  A) ERRADO - A house divided against herself cannot stand.
  O pronome pessoal que corresponde a "uma casa" é IT e o pronome reflexivo correspondente deve ser ITSELF. A frase correta seria: A house divided against itself cannot stand. = Uma casa dividida contra si mesma não pode ficar em pé.
  
  
  B) ERRADO - Do unto others as you would do to themselves.
  O pronome reflexivo que corresponde a "you" é YOURSELF. A frase correta seria: Do unto others as you would do to yourself. = Faça aos outros o que você faria a você mesmo.
  
  
  C) CORRETO - Take care of the pennies and the dollars will take care of themselves. = Cuide dos centavos e os dólares cuidarão de si mesmos.
  Esse ditado significa que se você cuidar dos problemas pequenos, os grandes se resolverão sozinhos!!!!  Será????
  
  
  D) ERRADO - Some men are born mediocre, some men achieve mediocrity, and some men, have mediocrity thrust upon himself.
  O pronome pessoal que corresponde a "alguns homens" é THEY e o pronome reflexivo correspondente deve ser THEMSELVES. A frase correta seria: Some men are born mediocre, some men achieve mediocrity, and some men, have mediocrity thrust upon themselves. = Alguns homens nascem medíocres, alguns alcançam a mediocridade e alguns homens têm a mediocridade imposta a si próprios.
  
  
  E) ERRADO - Nothing succeeds like success himself.
  O pronome pessoal que corresponde a "sucesso" é IT e o pronome reflexivo correspondente deve ser ITSELF. A frase correta seria: Nothing succeeds like success itself. = Nada é bem-sucedido como o próprio sucesso.
  
  
  
  Gabarito do Professor: Letra C.
  
  

• A banca cuidou de alterar as citações para confundir o entendimento. A questão pede para verificarmos a correta aplicação do pronome reflexivo, então é nisso que devemos manter a atenção.

  >> Take care of the pennies and the dollars will take care of themselves.

  "Cuide das pequenas coisas, uma de cada vez, e elas levarão às grandes coisas."

  Avante!