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Link
The type attribute specifies the media type of the linked document/resource.
The most common value of type is "text/css". If you omit the type attribute, the browser will look at the rel attribute to guess the correct type. So, if rel="stylesheet", the browser will assume the type is "text/css".
Fonte: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_link_type.asp
Script
The type attribute Indicates the type of script represented.
Omitted or a JavaScript MIME type: For HTML5-complient browsers this indicates the script is JavaScript. HTML5 spec urges authors to omit the attribute rather than provided a redundant MIME type. In earlier browsers, this identified the scripting language of the embedded or imported (via the src attribute) code. JavaScript MIME types are listed in the specification.
Fonte: https://developer.mozilla.org/pt-BR/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script