Houve erro na transcrição da questão pelo qconcursos. A questão original é a seguinte:
"A diretiva include permite a inclusão do conteúdo dinâmico em uma JavaServer Page em tempo de solicitação, ao passo que a ação < jsp : include > copia o conteúdo para a JavaServer Page em tempo de tradução, não refletindo o novo conteúdo no caso de mudança do recurso incluído entre as solicitações."
Quanto a resposta da questão o Cespe inverteu a definição de include e jsp:include, portanto questão errada.
1) The include directive:
Static: adds the content from the value of the file attribute to the current page at translation time. The directive was originally intended for static layout templates, like HTML headers.
2) The standard action
Dynamic: adds the content from the value of the page attribute to the current page at request time. Was intended more for dynamic content coming from JSPs.
3) The JSTL tag:
Dynamic: adds the content from the value of the URL attribute to the current page, at request time. It works a lot like , but it’s more powerful and flexible: unlike the other two includes, the url can be from outside the web Container!
4) Preludes and codas
Static: preludes and codas can be applied only to the beginnings and ends of pages.
You can implicitly include preludes (also called headers) and codas (also called footers) for a group of JSP pages by adding and elements respectively within a element in the Web application web.xml deployment descriptor.
Fonte: https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/head-first-servlets/9780596516680/ch09s18.html