SQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.
Shutdown types
When a database needs to be shut down, several methods exist to do so with varying effects on current users and their transactions.
SHUTDOWN [NORMAL]
? New connections to the database are denied.
? Existing transactions continue normally until either they roll back or commit.
? Users log out normally on their own.
? After the last user logs out, database file headers are updated and files are closed.
? SGA is shut down.
? Background processes are terminated.
? Specified by the SHUTDOWN or SHUTDOWN NORMAL command.
SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL
? New connections to the database are denied.
? Existing transactions continue normally until either they roll back or commit.
? After an existing transaction is completed, user sessions are terminated.
? Database file headers are updated and files are closed.
? SGA is shut down.
? Background processes are terminated.
? Specified by the SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL command.
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
? New connections to the database are denied.
? Existing transactions are rolled back.
? User sessions are terminated.
? Database file headers are updated and files are closed.
? SGA is shut down.
? Background processes are terminated.
? Specified by the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE command.
SHUTDOWN ABORT
? New connections to the database are denied.
? Existing transactions are not rolled back.
? User sessions are terminated.
? SGA is shut down.
? Background processes are terminated.
? Specified by the SHUTDOWN ABORT command.
? Instance recovery is required on startup.