Questão 2194522

• Banca: INSTITUTO AOCP
• Órgão: CASAN
• Ano: 2016
• Provas: INSTITUTO AOCP - 2016 - CASAN - Analista de Sistema - Desenvolvimento de Sistemas
• Disciplina: Inglês
• Assuntos: Verbos modais | Modal verbs; Verbos | Verbs

Words that went extinct

By Kimberly Joki

    Dictionaries incorporate new words every year. Some are pop culture inventions like jeggings, photobomb, and meme. Other words, like emoji and upvote, spring up from technology and social media. Dictionaries respond by creating definitions for anyone who cares to know what a twitterer is. And thank goodness they do; you can learn what an eggcorn is simply by turning a few pages in your trusty updated dictionary.

    Interestingly, not all newly added words are recent developments. The Oxford English Dictionary June 2015 new words list included autotune, birdhouse, North Korean, and shizzle! North Korea was founded in 1948. The initial release of the autotuner audio processor was in 1997. Before adding a slang term like shizzle, dictionary publishers weigh the current popularity, predicted longevity, and other factors. Just this year alone, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary welcomed about 1,700 new arrivals.

    With more and more words coined every year, dictionaries couldn’t possibly add them all to their existing word banks. Can you imagine a dictionary containing all the words ever used in English? It would be impossible to lift! With each yearly edit, dictionary editors must discard some words to make room for new ones.

    (…)

    The Sami languages, spoken in Finland, Norway, and Sweden, reportedly include more than 150 words related to snow and ice. In the 1590s, the English language had a word for recently melted snow—snowbroth. Now, English speakers simply call it water or melted snow. In fact, words that are markedly specific seem more vulnerable to extinction. A 19th-century dictionary included Englishable, a term to describe how appropriate a word is for the English language. However, English is a dynamic language, always accepting and abandoning words. Apparently, Englishable itself isn’t Englishable; it’s now obsolete.

    Do you favor any infrequently used words? If so, use them now and often. . . A word’s best defense against extinction is regular use.

(Source: http://www.grammarly.com/blog/2015/words-that-went-extinct/)

Observe the following excerpt: “(…) dictionary editors must discard some words to make room for new ones.” Mark the alternative that best describes the verb must.

• A. It is a modal verb which indicates dictionaries are obliged to discard words from their banks.
• B. It is a modal verb which indicates dictionaries don’t need to discard words from their banks.
• C. It is a modal verb which indicates dictionaries may discard words from their banks or not.
• D. It is a phrasal verb which means dictionaries have the possibility to discard words from their banks.
• E. It is a phrasal verb which means dictionaries intend to discard words from their banks sometimes.

Gabarito: A

Comentários

• -a

  The modal verb "must" indicates a strong requirement, to the point that something isn't optional, it's mandatory. It's used to imply that the speaker has quite an important duty to accomplish and it should not be left unattended or neglected lest some form of penalty or unwanted outcome is incurred. 

  No estudo dos modal verbs, must é o que indica obrigação. Na ordem de importância geralmente a ordem é:

  must > ought to > have to > should > may/might

• “(…) dictionary editors must discard some words to make room for new ones.”

   

  "editores de dicionário devem descartar algumas palavras para abrir espaço para novas"

   

• Must é um verbo modal. Já elimina a D e E.

  "must discard" significa deve descartar ( obrigação/dever ), então:

  a letra B diz que "don’t need to discard" ou seja, não precisam, então elimina

  a letra C diz que "may discard" ou seja, pode descartar, mas a questão pede uma obrigação e não apenas uma escolha.

  Resta somente a letra A, que diz "are obliged to discard" ou seja, são obrigados a descartar

• (A)

  São verbos modais: 

  Can (pode).

  Could (poderia).

  May (pode, poderia).

  Might(pode, poderia).

  Should (deveria).

  Must (deve).

  Ought to (precisa).

  Used to(costumava).

  Can: pode ser usado para expressar permissão, habilidade.