SóProvas

ID
3368782
Banca
FCC
Órgão
METRÔ-SP
Ano
2019
Provas
Disciplina
Inglês
Assuntos

The London Underground

      The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground, or by its nickname the Tube) is a public rapid transit system serving London, England and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.

    The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. Opened in January 1863, it is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines; the first line to operate underground electric traction trains, the City & South London Railway in 1890, is now part of the Northern line. The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2017/18 carried 1.357 billion passengers, making it the world's 11th busiest metro system. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5 million passengers a day.

      Despite its name, only 45% of the system is underground in tunnels, with much of the network in the outer environs of London being on the surface.

      As of 2015, 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares.  

Early years 

     The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s, and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. To prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. This test tunnel was used for two years in the development of the first underground train, and was later, in 1861, filled up. The world's first underground railway opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives.

     While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were  I  health reports. There were many instances of passengers collapsing whilst travelling, due to heat and pollution, leading for calls to clean the air through the installation of garden plants. The Metropolitan even encouraged beards for staff to act as an air filter. There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ...] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia.

       During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. On 3 March 1943, a test of the air-raid warning sirens, together with the firing of a new type of anti-aircraft rocket, resulted in a crush of people attempting to take shelter in Bethnal Green Underground station. A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster of World War II, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network.

      A different kind of accident occurred on 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. There were 43 deaths and 74 injuries, the greatest loss of life during peacetime on the London Underground.

    A few years later, on 18 November 1987, fire broke out in an escalator at King's Cross St. Pancras tube station. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. London Underground were strongly criticised in the aftermath for their attitude to fires underground, and publication of the report into the fire led to the resignation of senior management of both London Underground and London Regional Transport. To comply with new safety regulations issued as a result of the fire, and to combat graffiti, a train refurbishment project was launched in July 1991. 

(Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org) 

Segundo o texto,

Alternativas
Comentários

  • 7º PARÁGRAFO:

    A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster of World War II, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network.

  • Vamos pesquisar no texto e verificar as alternativas.

    A) o acidente no metrô londrino em 1943 foi causado por negligência humana.  Errado. Conforme trecho do sétimo parágrafo, o acidente foi em 1975. Em 1943, as estacões de metrô foram usadas como abrigo durante a guerra. During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. On 3 March 1943, a test of the air-raid warning sirens, together with the firing of a new type of anti-aircraft rocket, resulted in a crush of people attempting to take shelter in Bethnal Green Underground station. (Durante a guerra, muitas estações de metrô foram usadas como abrigos antiaéreos. Em 3 de março de 1943, um teste das sirenes de alerta contra ataques aéreos, juntamente com o disparo de um novo tipo de foguete antiaéreo, resultou em uma multidão de pessoas tentando se abrigar na estação subterrânea de Bethnal Green.)
    B)  um ataque aéreo durante a Segunda Guerra matou 173 pessoas que se refugiaram numa estação de metrô. Errado. Conforme trecho do sétimo parágrafo, 173 pessoas morreram, mas não por causa de um ataque aéreo.  On 3 March 1943, a test of the air-raid warning sirens, together with the firing of a new type of anti-aircraft rocket, resulted in a crush of people attempting to take shelter in Bethnal Green Underground station. A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, [...] Em 3 de março de 1943, um teste das sirenes de alerta contra ataques aéreos, juntamente com o disparo de um novo tipo de foguete antiaéreo, resultou em uma multidão de pessoas tentando se abrigar na estação subterrânea de Bethnal Green. Um total de 173 pessoas, incluindo 62 crianças, morreram,[...]
    C) o maior incidente civil em tempos de guerra com fatalidades no metrô londrino ocorreu em 1943.  Correto. On 3 March 1943, a test of the air-raid warning sirens, together with the firing of a new type of anti-aircraft rocket, resulted in a crush of people attempting to take shelter in Bethnal Green Underground station. A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster of World War II, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network. (Em 3 de março de 1943, um teste das sirenes de alerta contra ataques aéreos, juntamente com o disparo de um novo tipo de foguete antiaéreo, resultou em uma multidão de pessoas tentando se abrigar na estação subterrânea de Bethnal Green. Um total de 173 pessoas, incluindo 62 crianças, morreram, tornando este o pior desastre civil da Segunda Guerra Mundial e a maior perda de vidas em um único incidente na rede do metrô de Londres.)
    D) o acidente com o trem que bateu no muro do terminal de Moorgate foi o pior em toda a história do metrô londrino.  Errado. Ele colidiu com a parede no final do túnel e não foi o pior da história do metrô em Londres. A different kind of accident occurred on 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate[...] (Um tipo diferente de acidente ocorreu em 28 de fevereiro de 1975, um trem para o sul na Northern City Line não parou no terminal de Moorgate e colidiu com a parede no fim do túnel, no acidente[...].

    E)  o incêndio de um dos elevadores da estação King's Cross St. Pancras que matou 31 pessoas e feriu outras 100, levou a novas regras de segurança. Errado. De acordo com o último parágrafo, o acidente foi na escada rolante.(Escalator) A few years later, on 18 November 1987, fire broke out in an escalator at King's Cross St. Pancras tube station. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. (Alguns anos depois, em 18 de novembro de 1987, houve um incêndio em uma escada rolante na estação de metrô King's Cross St. Pancras. O incêndio custou a vida de 31 pessoas e feriu mais 100.)
    Portanto, segundo o texto, o maior incidente civil em tempos de guerra com fatalidades no metrô londrino ocorreu em 1943.  
    Gabarito do Professor: C

  • Tecnicamente, todas estão erradas, pois o texto narra que se tratou do maior acidente civil durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, bem como da história do metrô de Londres.

    A alternativa “C”, no entanto, afirmou se tratar do maior acidente civil “em tempos de guerra”.

  • Pensei como o excelentíssimo Senhor Xubaca, que questão extrapolaria o texto ao afirmar ser o maior incidente civil em tempos de guerra, mas aí a questão acrescenta que com fatalidade no metrô londrino, ou seja, o maior incidente civil em tempos de guerra com fatalidades no metrô londrino ocorreu em 1943.

    Errei, mas está corretíssimo.

  • c-

    A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster of World War II, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network.