Questão 3478189

• Banca: VUNESP
• Órgão: Prefeitura de Cerquilho - SP
• Ano: 2019
• Provas: VUNESP - 2019 - Prefeitura de Cerquilho - SP - Professor de Educação Básica - Inglês
• Disciplina: Inglês
• Assuntos: Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

How monks helped invent sign language

      For millennia people with hearing impairments encountered marginalization because it was believed that language could only be learned by hearing the spoken word. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, for example, asserted that “Men that are deaf are in all cases also dumb.” Under Roman law people who were born deaf were denied the right to sign a will as they were “presumed to understand nothing; because it is not possible that they have been able to learn to read or write.”

      Pushback against such ideas began in the 16th-century, with the creation of the first formal sign language for the hearing impaired, by Pedro Ponce de León, a Spanish Benedictine monk. His idea to use sign language was not a completely new one. Native Americans used hand gestures to communicate with other tribes and to facilitate trade with Europeans. Benedictine monks had used them to convey messages during their daily periods of silence. Inspired by the latter practice, Ponce de León adapted the gestures used in his monastery to create a method for teaching the deaf to communicate, paving the way for systems now used all over the world.

      Building on Ponce de León’s work, another Spanish cleric and linguist, Juan Pablo Bonet, proposed that deaf people learn to pronounce words and progressively construct meaningful phrases. Bonet’s approach combined oralism – using sounds to communicate – with sign language. The system had its challenges, especially when learning the words for abstract terms, or intangible forms such as conjunctions like “for,” “nor,” or “yet.”

      In 1755 the French Catholic priest Charles-Michel de l’Épée established a more comprehensive method for educating the deaf, which culminated in the founding of the first public school for deaf children, in Paris. Students came to the institute from all over France, bringing signs they had used to communicate with at home. Insistent that sign language needed to be a complete language, his system was complex enough to express prepositions, conjunctions, and other grammatical elements.

      Épée’s standardized sign language quickly spread across Europe and to the United States. In 1814 Thomas Gallaudet went to France to learn Épée’s language system. Three years later, Gallaudet established the American School for the Deaf in his hometown in Connecticut. Students from across the United States attended, and they brought signs they used to communicate with at home.American Sign Language became a combination of these signs and those from French Sign Language.

      Thanks to the development of formal sign languages, people with hearing impairment can access spoken language in all its variety. The world’s many modern signing systems have different rules for pronunciation, word order, and grammar. New visual languages can even express regional accents to reflect the complexity and richness of local speech.

(Ines Anton Rayas. www.nationalgeographic.com. 28.05.2019. Adaptado)

From the context, we understand that the expression “the latter practice”, in the second paragraph, refers to

• A. the Benedictine monks’ use of gestures to communicate while they were not supposed to speak.
• B. the use of hand gestures by the Native Americans in their attempts to trade with Europeans.
• C. whatever visual language people made use of to replace their inability or impossibility to say something.
• D. Ponce de León’s creation of a method for teaching the deaf to communicate.
• E. the new practices related to teaching the hearing impaired to “speak” through gestures.

Gabarito: A

Comentários

• Gabarito: A

  Benedictine monks had used them to convey messages during their daily periods of silence. Inspired by the latter practice, Ponce de León adapted the gestures used in his monastery to create a method for teaching the deaf to communicate, paving the way for systems now used all over the world.

  Latter practice = última prática. No texto se refere a prática dos monges beneditinos de usarem os gestos para transmitir mensagens durante seus períodos diários de silêncio.

  Se meu comentário estiver equivocado, por favor me avise por mensagem para que eu o corrija e evite assim prejudicar os demais colegas.

• A questão cobra interpretação de um texto sobre como os monges ajudaram a inventar a linguagem de sinais.
  
  Vamos analisar o enunciado:
  
  From the context, we understand that the expression “the latter practice", in the second paragraph, refers to... = Do contexto, entendemos que a expressão “esta última prática", no segundo parágrafo, refere-se a....
  
  Vejamos o trecho do segundo parágrafo:
  
  Native Americans used hand gestures to communicate with other tribes and to facilitate trade with Europeans. Benedictine monks had used them to convey messages during their daily periods of silence. Inspired by the latter practice, Ponce de León adapted the gestures used in his monastery to create a method for teaching the deaf to communicate, paving the way for systems now used all over the world.
  
  Tradução:
  
  Os nativos americanos usavam gestos com as mãos para se comunicar com outras tribos e facilitar o comércio com os europeus. Monges beneditinos os usavam para transmitir mensagens durante seus períodos diários de silêncio. Inspirado nesta última prática, Ponce de León adaptou os gestos usados em seu mosteiro para criar um método de ensino de surdos para se comunicar, abrindo caminho para sistemas agora usados em todo o mundo.
  
  "The latter practice" significa "esta última prática".
  Podemos verificar que "esta última prática" se refere à frase mencionada logo anteriormente: Monges beneditinos os usavam (usavam gestos com as mãos) para transmitir mensagens durante seus períodos diários de silêncio.
  
  Analisando as alternativas teremos:
  
  A) CORRETO - the Benedictine monks' use of gestures to communicate while they were not supposed to speak. = o uso de gestos pelos monges beneditinos para se comunicar quando eles não deveriam falar.
  
  B) ERRADO - the use of hand gestures by the Native Americans in their attempts to trade with Europeans. = o uso de gestos com as mãos pelos nativos americanos em suas tentativas de comércio com europeus.
  
  C) ERRADO -whatever visual language people made use of to replace their inability or impossibility to say something. = qualquer linguagem visual que as pessoas usavam para substituir sua incapacidade ou impossibilidade de dizer algo.
  
  D) ERRADO - Ponce de León's creation of a method for teaching the deaf to communicate. = Criação de Ponce de León de um método para ensinar surdos a se comunicar.
  
  E) ERRADO -the new practices related to teaching the hearing impaired to “speak" through gestures. = as novas práticas relacionadas ao ensino de deficientes auditivos a “falar" por meio de gestos.
  
  GABARITO DO PROFESSOR: ALTERNATIVA A.