Questão 4022134

• Banca: VUNESP
• Órgão: UEA
• Ano: 2019
• Provas: VUNESP - 2019 - UEA - Prova de Conhecimentos Gerais
• Disciplina: Inglês
• Assuntos: Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Wood wide web: trees’ social networks are mapped 

    Research has shown that beneath every forest and wood there is a complex underground web of roots, fungi and bacteria helping to connect trees and plants to one another. This subterranean social network, nearly 500 million years old, has become known as the “wood wide web”. Now, an international study has produced the first global map of the “mycorrhizal fungi networks” dominating this secretive world.

    Using machine-learning, researchers from the Crowther Lab at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and Stanford University in the US used the database of the Global Forest Initiative, which covers 1.2 million forest tree plots with 28,000 species, from more than 70 countries. Using millions of direct observations of trees and their symbiotic associations on the ground, the researchers could build models from the bottom up to visualise these fungal networks for the first time. Prof Thomas Crowther, one of the authors of the report, told the BBC, “It’s the first time that we’ve been able to understand the world beneath our feet, but at a global scale.”

    The research reveals how important mycorrhizal networks are to limiting climate change — and how vulnerable they are to the effects of it. “Just like an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the brain helps us to understand how the brain works, this global map of the fungi beneath the soil helps us to understand how global ecosystems work,” said Prof Crowther. “What we find is that certain types of microorganisms live in certain parts of the world, and by understanding that we can figure out how to restore different types of ecosystems and also how the climate is changing.” Losing chunks of the wood wide web could well increase “the feedback loop of warming temperatures and carbon emissions.”

    Mycorrhizal fungi are those that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. There are two main groups of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular fungi (AM) that penetrate the host’s roots, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) which surround the tree’s roots without penetrating them.

                                                (Claire Marshall. www.bbc.com, 15.05.2019. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the fourth paragraph “without penetrating them”, the underlined word refers to

• A. main groups.
• B. ectomycorrhizal fungi.
• C. arbuscular fungi.
• D. tree’s roots.
• E. mycorrhizal fungi.

Gabarito: D

Comentários

• Podemos usar nessa questão, a estratégia de leitura selectivity, a qual  selecionamos apenas o trecho necessário do conteúdo para encontrar a informação, por meio do uso de palavras-chave, palavras cognatas e um vocabulário específico, facilitando a compreensão do tema. Nesse caso, podemos focar no quarto parágrafo.
  No trecho do quarto parágrafo “without penetrate them" (sem penetrá-los), a palavra sublinhada refere-se a
  A) grupos principais.
  B) fungos ectomicorrízicos.
  C) fungos arbusculares.
  D) raízes da árvore.
  E) fungos micorrízicos.
  There are two main groups of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular fungi (AM) that penetrate the host's roots, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) which surround the tree's roots without penetrating them.
  Tradução: Existem dois grupos principais de fungos micorrízicos: fungos arbusculares (FMA) que penetram nas raízes do hospedeiro e fungos ectomicorrízicos que circundam as raízes da árvore sem penetrá-las.
  O object pronoun "THEM" se refere às raizes da árvore.
  
  Gabarito do Professor: D