According to Kramsch (2009), literature
aids students in their development of an
ability to understand the symbolic value of
symbolic form and the different cultural
memories evoked by different symbolic systems. Additionally, it also helps them draw
on the semiotic diversity afforded by multiple
languages so that they may reframe ways of
seeing familiar events, create alternative
realities, and find an appropriate subject
position between languages. Considering
Kramsch’s position about the use of literature
in English classes, analyse the following
statements and choose which one(s) is (are)
correct:
I - Literature may be an interesting resource in
English classes, as long as the teacher
applies it to discuss topics familiar to the
students.
II - Coherent with the intercultural perspective
for foreign languages teaching, literature may
be considered a useful tool for giving students
an opportunity to interact with different
cultures and linguistic manifestations.
III - Symbolic competence, as proposed by
Kramsch, has to do with a sort of critical
awareness that the literary text may be of
great aid to develop.
IV - Symbolic competence refers to the ability
to decode linguistic signs.