Questão 3478201

• Banca: VUNESP
• Órgão: Prefeitura de Cerquilho - SP
• Ano: 2019
• Provas: VUNESP - 2019 - Prefeitura de Cerquilho - SP - Professor de Educação Básica - Inglês
• Disciplina: Inglês
• Assuntos: Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension; Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice

How monks helped invent sign language

      For millennia people with hearing impairments encountered marginalization because it was believed that language could only be learned by hearing the spoken word. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, for example, asserted that “Men that are deaf are in all cases also dumb.” Under Roman law people who were born deaf were denied the right to sign a will as they were “presumed to understand nothing; because it is not possible that they have been able to learn to read or write.”

      Pushback against such ideas began in the 16th-century, with the creation of the first formal sign language for the hearing impaired, by Pedro Ponce de León, a Spanish Benedictine monk. His idea to use sign language was not a completely new one. Native Americans used hand gestures to communicate with other tribes and to facilitate trade with Europeans. Benedictine monks had used them to convey messages during their daily periods of silence. Inspired by the latter practice, Ponce de León adapted the gestures used in his monastery to create a method for teaching the deaf to communicate, paving the way for systems now used all over the world.

      Building on Ponce de León’s work, another Spanish cleric and linguist, Juan Pablo Bonet, proposed that deaf people learn to pronounce words and progressively construct meaningful phrases. Bonet’s approach combined oralism – using sounds to communicate – with sign language. The system had its challenges, especially when learning the words for abstract terms, or intangible forms such as conjunctions like “for,” “nor,” or “yet.”

      In 1755 the French Catholic priest Charles-Michel de l’Épée established a more comprehensive method for educating the deaf, which culminated in the founding of the first public school for deaf children, in Paris. Students came to the institute from all over France, bringing signs they had used to communicate with at home. Insistent that sign language needed to be a complete language, his system was complex enough to express prepositions, conjunctions, and other grammatical elements.

      Épée’s standardized sign language quickly spread across Europe and to the United States. In 1814 Thomas Gallaudet went to France to learn Épée’s language system. Three years later, Gallaudet established the American School for the Deaf in his hometown in Connecticut. Students from across the United States attended, and they brought signs they used to communicate with at home.American Sign Language became a combination of these signs and those from French Sign Language.

      Thanks to the development of formal sign languages, people with hearing impairment can access spoken language in all its variety. The world’s many modern signing systems have different rules for pronunciation, word order, and grammar. New visual languages can even express regional accents to reflect the complexity and richness of local speech.

(Ines Anton Rayas. www.nationalgeographic.com. 28.05.2019. Adaptado)

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o trecho, retirado do primeiro parágrafo do texto, cujo verbo está na voz ativa.

• A. it was believed that
• B. language could only be learned
• C. people who were born deaf
• D. they were presumed to understand nothing
• E. they have been able to learn

Gabarito: E

Comentários

• A questão cobra conhecimento gramatical, especificamente de Voz Ativa e Voz Passiva.
  
  A Voz Passiva em Inglês é formada pelo verbo To Be seguido pelo particípio passado dos verbos
  (3^a coluna da tabela de verbos). Alguns exemplos:
  
  The cake was made by my mother.= O bolo foi feito por minha mãe.
  The house is cleaned every day.= A casa é limpa todos os dias.
  I was offended by my boss.= Eu fui ofendido por meu chefe.
  
  A Voz Ativa é quando o sujeito da oração realiza a ação, lembra-se?
  
  My mother made the cake = Minha mãe fez o bolo.
  She cleans the house every day = Ela limpa a casa todos os dias.
  My boss offended me. = Meu chefe me ofendeu.
  
  Vamos analisar as alternativas:
  
  A) ERRADO - it was believed that - verbo to be (was) + particípio passado (believed) = Voz Passiva
  
  B) ERRADO - language could only be learned - verbo to be (be) + particípio passado (learned) = Voz Passiva
  
  C) ERRADO - people who were born deaf - verbo to be (were) + particípio passado (born) = Voz Passiva
  
  D) ERRADO - they were presumed to understand nothing - verbo to be (were) + particípio passado (presumed) = Voz Passiva
  
  E) CORRETO - they have been able to learn - Voz Ativa. Apenas o verbo to be.
  
  
  GABARITO DO PROFESSOR: ALTERNATIVA E
  

• it was believed that - acreditava-se que

  language could only be learned - a linguagem só poderia ser aprendida

  people who were born deaf - pessoas que nasceram surdas

  they were presumed to understand nothing - presumiam-se que não entendiam nada

  they have been able to learn - eles foram capazes de aprender

  Gabarito: E