Read the following passage and choose the option which best completes each question, according to the
text:
Footfalls
London is a city made for walking. Unlike, for example, Los Angeles its centre is easily accessible on foot.
Between 2001 and 2011 the number of trips made daily on foot in London increased by 12%. Each day 6.2m walks
are made across the city.
Several reasons account for the walking boom. The number of Londoners increased by 12% from 7.3m in
2001 to 8.2m in 2011, and Underground trains are hot and overcrowded. But other factors also encourage
pedestrians. In 2004 Ken Livingstone, then mayor of London, promised to make London a “walkable city”. Some of
his plans were carried on by Boris Johnson, the current mayor. These include a scheme to create clearly-marked
maps for use across the city and make streets more pedestrian-friendly. Londoners may also be more aware of the
advantages of walking. Health campaigns like the National Health Service’s “Live Well” emphasize that walking is
the easiest form of exercise.
High streets and town centres need to win back walkers. Learning from London’s incentives could be a start.
(Adapted from: http://www.economist.com/news/britain/21582576-urban-pedestrians-buck-national-trend-footfalls.)
The National Health Service’s campaign “Live Well” call attention to the fact that