- ID
- 4843480
- Banca
- Avança SP
- Órgão
- Prefeitura de Louveira - SP
- Ano
- 2020
- Provas
- Disciplina
- Inglês
- Assuntos
Use the following text to answer the question.
TEXT
The Age of Exploration started in the 1400's. Europeans were desperate to get spices from Asia. Spices were used to preserve foods and keep them from spoiling. Spices, however, were expensive and dangerous to get. European rulers began to pay for explorations to find a sea route to Asia so they could get spices cheaper.
Portugal was the first country that sent explorers to search for the sea route to Asia. After Bartholomew Dias and his crew made it to Africa's Cape of Good Hope, Vasco da Gama and his crew became the first to sail around Africa and through the Indian Ocean to India in 1497. Spain, however, would soon take over the lead in exploration. When Portugal refused to finance Christopher Columbus' idea to sail west to find the shortcut to the Indies, Columbus convinced Spain's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to finance it. On October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew reached the island of Hispaniola. Although Columbus believed he had reached Asia, he had actually discovered the entire continent of North America and claimed it for Spain.
Spain quickly colonized North America. Ponce de Leon discovered Florida, and the first European settlement in the New World was later established at St. Augustine. Hernando Cortes crushed the Aztec empire in Mexico and claimed it for Spain. Francisco Pizarro did the same to the Incan Empire in South America. Other explorers such as Francisco Coronado and Hernando de Soto claimed other portions of North America for Spain. Vasco Nunez de Balboa even claimed the entire Pacific Ocean for Spain. As the Spanish empire grew, explorers forced native populations into slavery and to convert to Christianity. Meanwhile, France began to explore North America. Explorations by Giovanni Verrazano and Jacques Cartier resulted in French claims of much of Canada and the north Atlantic coast. England would soon attempt to make its presence known by financing pirates such as Francis Drake to plunder Spanish settlements and steal gold from Spanish sea vessels. England also established a settlement in North Carolina in 1587. Territorial disputes and constant pirating resulted in a series of major wars between the competing nations. In 1588, the British Army defeated the vaunted Spanish Armada. The British victory proved a serious blow to Spanish influence in the New World.
Although Spain still controlled much of
the New World after defeat, England and
France were able to accelerate their
colonization. England soon established
successful colonies throughout the eastern
portions of the United States, and France had
colonies in Canada and the middle portions of
the United States. By the mid 1700's, new
territorial disputes between England and
France eventually resulted in England gaining
control over much of North America after the
French and Indian War. English colonies
flourished in North America until 1776 when
the colonists declared their independence. The
Revolutionary War ensued and resulted in
independence for the colonists. The United
States of America was formed.
What does the word “shortcut” mean on the second paragraph?
“... Columbus' idea to sail west to find the
shortcut to the Indies...”