Questão 463891

• Banca: CESGRANRIO
• Órgão: Transpetro
• Ano: 2011
• Provas: CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Administrador Júnior; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Analista de Sistemas Júnior; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Contador Júnior - Auditoria Interna; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Contador Júnior - Contábil; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Economista Júnior; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Análise de Projetos de Inverstimentos; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Automação; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Elétrica; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Engenharia de Produção; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Geotécnica; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Mecânica; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Naval; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Processamento; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Engenheiro Júnior - Segurança; CESGRANRIO - 2011 - Transpetro - Médico do trabalho; CESGRANRIO - 2
• Disciplina: Inglês
• Assuntos: Adjetivos | Adjectives; Comparativo e superlativo de adjetivos | Comparative and superlative; Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.

According to Anna Nagurney, in paragraph 3 (lines 14-26), an efficient logistics system must consider the

• A. shortest route that links two fragile end points.
• B. only means to take perishable goods by land.
• C. most profitable network, in terms of cheap transport.
• D. lowest cost to place goods safely and in adequate conditions.
• E. use of standard transportation means normally used for medical products.

Gabarito: D

Comentários

• Cleanest path to a minimum cost = lowest cost to....

  Sendo assim, uma eficiente logística deve considerar o menor preço.

• De acordo com Anna Nagurney, no parágrafo 3 (linhas 14-26), um sistema de logística eficiente deve considerar 
  A) o caminho mais curto que liga dois pontos finais frágeis.
  B) apenas meios de levar mercadorias perecíveis por via terrestre.
  C) a rede mais rentável, em termos de transporte barato.
  D) menor custo para colocar as mercadorias de forma segura e em condições adequadas.
  E) a utilização de  meios de transporte padrão normalmente utilizados para produtos médicos.
  "Mais do que considerar o caminho mais curto de um lugar para outro para maximizar o lucro, seu  sistema  tem como objetivo  o caminho mais simples a um custo mínimo, enquanto capta fatores tais como como a perecibilidade do produto e a incerteza de rotas de abastecimento. "Você não sabe onde está a demanda, por isso é complicado, disse Nagurney."
  
  "Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. 'You don't know where demand is, so it's tricky,' said Nagurney.
  Segundo parágrafo 3, inferimos que a alternativa D está correta.

• d-

  Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’

  A logistics system shouldn't follow a greedy algorithm pattern and just work out the shortest possible route to arrive at the desired destination. Rather, it has to take into account a number of constraints such as infrastrcuture conditions, sell-bydate of the transported goods, costs and unpredictability of the available paths. 

  O parágrafo compara uma abordagem conveniocnal (o qual verifica caminho mais curto) com o sistema proposto (caminho mais seguro e outras variaveis). 

• Segundo parágrafo 3, inferimos que a alternativa D está correta.

  De acordo com Anna Nagurney, no parágrafo 3 (linhas 14-26), um sistema de logística eficiente deve considerar 

  A) o caminho mais curto que liga dois pontos finais frágeis.

  B) apenas meios de levar mercadorias perecíveis por via terrestre.

  C) a rede mais rentável, em termos de transporte barato.

  D) menor custo para colocar as mercadorias de forma segura e em condições adequadas.

  E) a utilização de meios de transporte padrão normalmente utilizados para produtos médicos.

  "Mais do que considerar o caminho mais curto de um lugar para outro para maximizar o lucro, seu  sistema tem como objetivo  o caminho mais simples a um custo mínimo, enquanto capta fatores tais como como a perecibilidade do produto e a incerteza de rotas de abastecimento. "Você não sabe onde está a demanda, por isso é complicado, disse Nagurney."

  "Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. 'You don't know where demand is, so it's tricky,' said Nagurney.