José quer comprar chocolates e pipocas com os
R$ 11,00 de sua mesada. Tem dinheiro certo para
comprar dois chocolates e três pacotes de pipocas,
mas faltam-lhe dois reais para comprar três
chocolates e dois pacotes de pipocas. Nestas
condições, podemos afirmar corretamente que um
pacote de pipocas custa
Se a soma e o produto de dois números são,
respectivamente, dois e cinco, podemos afirmar
corretamente que
Em um empreendimento imobiliário, o centro
comercial e o parque de estacionamento ocupam,
respectivamente, 42% e 53% da área do terreno. A
área restante, que corresponde a 3.000 m2
, é
destinada a jardins e vias de circulação. Nestas
condições, a medida da área do terreno ocupada pelo
centro comercial, em m2
, é
Se a função real de variável real, definida por
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, é tal que f(1) = 2, f(2) = 5 e
f(3) = 4, então o valor de f(4) é
Se os conjuntos X e Y possuem,
respectivamente, cinco e oito elementos, quantas
funções, f : X -> Y, injetivas e distintas, podem ser
construídas?
O menor número natural que pode ser escrito
como produto de fatores primos positivos e distintos
e que tem 32 divisores é
Os pontos médios dos lados de um triângulo equilátero cuja medida da área é 9 √3m2 são ligados dividindo o triângulo em quatro outros triângulos equiláteros congruentes. A medida da altura de cada um destes triângulos menores é
Os números reais positivos x, y e z são tais
que log x, log y, log z formam, nesta ordem, uma
progressão aritmética. Nestas condições, podemos
concluir acertadamente que entre os números
x, y e z existe a relação
No referencial cartesiano ortogonal usual com
origem no ponto O, a reta r, paralela à reta
y = -2x + 1 intercepta os semieixos positivos OX e
OY, respectivamente, nos pontos P e Q formando o
triângulo POQ. Se a medida da área deste triângulo
é igual a 9m2
, então a distância entre os pontos P e
Q é igual a
A descoberta do ouro no interior de Minas deslocou parte da população colonial do litoral para o interior. A região das minas foi ocupada por centenas de novos habitantes que careciam de tudo: alimentos, roupas, gado, cavalos, produtos europeus e muitos escravos para trabalhar nas minas. Atente para o que se diz acerca dessa que ficou conhecida como a “sociedade do ouro”.
I. A base da sociedade mineira eram os africanos escravizados, que constituíam boa parcela dessa sociedade. E, embora não representasse a maioria da população, seu trabalho era fundamental.
II. A atividade mineradora também deu origem a uma camada da sociedade que era extremamente pobre e que tinha sido atraída pela ilusão do ouro; era formada por escravos libertos e brancos pobres.
III. Havia uma camada média, composta principalmente de brancos, que incluía pequenos comerciantes, tropeiros e pequenos produtores de gêneros agrícolas.
Está correto o que se afirma em
Dentre as afirmações a seguir, assinale aquela
que está INCORRETA no que diz respeito à
Confederação do Equador (1824).
Assinale a opção que apresenta corretamente
ações atribuídas ao Marquês de Pombal na Colônia
Brasileira.
No Congresso da Basileia, organizado por T.
Herzl, em 1897, foram traçadas as primeiras linhas
de ação de um movimento que reivindicou terras de
território palestino para a criação de colônias
agrícolas para os hebreus. Para que fosse possível,
naquele território, consolidar-se um espírito nacional,
de valores culturais e religiosos, em última instância,
reivindicou-se a concessão de uma “carta”
internacional que autorizasse e tutelasse a imigração
hebraica para a Palestina. Este movimento
nacionalista que surgiu na passagem do século XIX
para o século XX denomina-se
Há muito tempo o continente africano tem sido
palco de conflitos violentos. Em Angola, o confronto
envolveu organizações armadas que disputavam o
poder desde a independência daquele país. Na
República Democrática do Congo, as disputas
envolveram o Estado e grupos armados; na Serra
Leoa, a guerra civil durou de 1991 a 2002.
Intermediários interessados na guerra, em alguns
casos, a estimulam fornecendo armas e soldados; em
outros casos, apoiam governos ou a guerrilha de
oposição. Os produtos disputados pelo Estado e por
grupos armados nesses três países Africanos são
Atente para o seguinte excerto: “Contudo, dois fatores ainda mais importantes solapavam agora a alta cultura clássica. O primeiro era o triunfo universal da sociedade de consumo de massa. Da década de 1960 em diante, as imagens que acompanhavam do nascimento até a morte os seres humanos no mundo ocidental – e cada vez mais no urbanizado Terceiro Mundo – eram as que anunciavam ou encarnavam o consumo ou as dedicadas ao entretenimento comercial de massa. Os sons que acompanhavam a vida urbana, dentro e fora de casa, eram os da música pop comercial. Comparado com isso, o impacto das “grandes artes” mesmo sobre os “cultos” era na melhor das hipóteses ocasional, sobretudo desde que o triunfo do som e da imagem com base na tecnologia impunha forte pressão sobre o que fora o grande veículo para a experiência da alta cultura, a palavra escrita”.
HOBSBAWM, E. Era dos Extremos. O breve século XX 1914- 1991). Trad. Marcos Santarrita. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 495.
Segundo Hobsbawm, a alta cultura clássica decaiu
devido
Adotando o positivismo lógico como método de conhecimento da realidade, esse novo paradigma da geografia buscava leis ou regularidades representadas sob a forma de ordenamentos espaciais. Empregava-se o uso de técnicas estatísticas e modelos matemáticos como método de apreensão do real, assumindo uma pretensa neutralidade científica para o ordenamento espacial.
A corrente do pensamento geográfico que se
relaciona com o enunciado acima é denominada
Atente para o seguinte texto:
Serra da Boa Esperança, esperança que encerra
No coração do Brasil um punhado de terra
No coração de quem vai, no coração de quem vem
Serra da Boa Esperança meu último bem
Parto levando saudades, saudades deixando
Murchas caídas na serra lá perto de Deus
Oh minha serra eis a hora do adeus vou-me embora
Deixo a luz do olhar no teu olhar Adeus
(Lamartine Babo)
O conceito de lugar foi utilizado durante muito tempo
na geografia para expressar o sentido de localização
de um determinado sítio. Atualmente, este conceito
vai além da simples localização de fenômenos
geográficos, expressando uma contextualização
simbólica que compreende um conjunto de
significados. Portanto, com base no texto acima e na
perspectiva atual de lugar, pode-se afirmar
corretamente que
Leia os textos abaixo.
TEXTO 1
Uma das principais características das regiões metropolitanas é o crescimento dos tecidos urbanos. Com o crescimento das cidades limítrofes, antigas áreas pertencentes às diversas municipalidades que não eram ocupadas anteriormente passam a compor uma unicidade no tecido metropolitano produzindo assim uma unidade espacial de escala e complexidade distinta da inicial.
TEXTO 2
Um sistema integrado de cidades que passa a estabelecer fluxos sociais, econômicos, políticos e culturais. Forma-se, portanto, um sistema de múltiplas espacialidades nas quais as cidades são conectadas por fluxos populacionais, serviços, informações e capitais, constituindo “nós” que entrelaçam as ligações entre esses lugares. Aqueles fluxos seguem uma hierarquização que é sempre comandada por cidades maiores e que disponibilizam, sobretudo, serviços para as outras cidades.
Os textos 1 e 2 indicam respectivamente fenômenos
relacionados à
“É evidente que o Conservacionismo numa área subdesenvolvida e dotada de elevadas taxas demográficas encontra obstáculos, às vezes, intransponíveis. O próprio grau de dependência funcional, de que são possuidores os constituintes da biosfera, representa empecilho imediato.”
SOUZA, Marcos José Nogueira de. Subsídios para uma Política Conservacionista dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis do Ceará. p. 81. Terra Livre 5. O Espaço em questão. AGB - Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros. Ed. Marco Zero. 1988.
Considerando o excerto, assinale a única alternativa
que apresenta elementos para uma política de
conservação da natureza.
Analise as afirmações que versam sobre a geomorfologia fluvial e demais processos associados. Assinale com V as afirmações verdadeiras e com F, as falsas.
( ) Os rios são poderosos agentes de transformação da paisagem em virtude da sua capacidade de erodir, transportar e depositar.
( ) Diversos rios que drenam litologias cristalinas podem ser classificados como rios antecedentes.
( ) As bacias de drenagem apresentam áreas muito pequenas que juntas compõem a bacia hidrográfica de um rio.
( ) Os processos aluviais podem compreender erosão, transporte e sedimentação, também em leques aluviais.
A sequência correta, de cima para baixo, é:
“A delimitação dos domínios climáticos é um dos principais desafios para a classificação climática. Seria cômoda a adoção de valores numéricos com espaçamentos constantes, como nos mapas de isotermas e de isoietas [...].”
MENDONÇA, Francisco. Climatologia: noções básicas e climas do Brasil. São Paulo. Oficina de Textos. 2007. p. 127.
Considerando o excerto, analise as afirmações que tratam sobre os grandes domínios climáticos do planeta.
I. O mecanismo de variação espacial da temperatura faz com que a distribuição dos tipos de clima no planeta não obedeça rigorosamente à posição latitudinal.
II. As mudanças mais profundas da paisagem não ocorrem em virtude da variação dos valores médios, mas sim na definição do comportamento dos grandes controles climáticos.
III. O domínio climático equatorial úmido corresponde à área de atuação da ZCIT e encontra-se compreendido entre os climas das altitudes médias.
Está correto o que se afirma somente em
Um bloco de gelo a -30 °C repousa sobre uma
superfície de plástico com temperatura inicial de
21 °C. Considere que esses dois objetos estejam
isolados termicamente do ambiente, mas que haja
troca de energia térmica entre eles. Durante um
intervalo de tempo muito pequeno comparado ao
tempo necessário para que haja equilíbrio térmico
entre as duas partes, pode-se afirmar corretamente
que
Uma corrente elétrica constante passa por um
fio de cobre muito longo e fino, de modo que não se
possa desprezar sua resistência elétrica. Considere
que o fio está isolado eletricamente do ambiente,
mas que possa haver transferência de calor para a
vizinhança. Inicialmente o fio está à mesma
temperatura de sua vizinhança. Depois de certo
tempo, é correto afirmar que
Um objeto de 1 kg, preso ao teto por um fio
muito leve e inextensível, balança como um pêndulo.
No que diz respeito à oscilação, é correto afirmar que
Um fio de Nylon é inicialmente tensionado e
fixado por suas extremidades a dois pontos fixos.
Posteriormente, no ponto médio do fio, é feita uma
força perpendicular à direção inicial do fio. Durante a
aplicação dessa força, é correto afirmar que a força
feita sobre o fio nos pontos de fixação
Sobre as ondas sonoras, é correto afirmar que
NÃO se propagam
As opções Abaixo apresentam algumas
grandezas físicas. Assinale aquela que apresenta
apenas grandezas vetoriais.
Os antígenos são usualmente moléculas
grandes e complexas, embora algumas moléculas
pequenas (< 10.000 p.m.) possam também ser
imunogênicas. Tais moléculas são dotadas de
propriedades como: capacidade de induzir resposta
imune, ou seja, serem reconhecidas pelos linfócitos B
e T; serem antigênicas, isto é, serem capazes de
reagir com os anticorpos ou linfócitos T específicos
(BIER, 2005). A partir dessa informação, marque a
única opção que apresenta moléculas que NÃO
possuem as citadas propriedades.
Em 1908, G.H. Hardy, um matemático
britânico e um médico alemão, W.Weinberg,
independentemente desenvolveram um conceito
matemático relativamente simples, hoje denominado
de princípio de Hardy-Weinberg, para descrever um
tipo de equilíbrio genético (BURNS; BOTTINO, 1991).
O princípio citado é fundamento da genética de
O fenômeno da Totipotência permite que
plantas transgênicas sejam obtidas de células
originalmente transformadas com o DNA exógeno
(EMBRAPA, 1998). Totipotência significa
Árvores filogenéticas são diagramas
representativos da classificação biológica,
organizados com base em dados anatômicos,
embriológicos e de informações derivadas do estudo
de fósseis. Considerando as características dos
organismos pertencentes aos cinco Reinos, é correto
afirmar que
Leia atentamente as afirmações abaixo.
I. O fitoplâncton é formado exclusivamente por macroalgas de diversas espécies, que flutuam livremente ao sabor das ondas e funcionam como importantes produtoras de matéria orgânica e de oxigênio.
II. As algas pardas possuem os seguintes tipos de talo: filamentoso, pseudoparenquimatoso e parenquimatoso, sendo representadas somente por espécies pluricelulares.
III. As algas verdes possuem clorofila a e b além de outros pigmentos tais como carotenos e xantofilas.
Está correto o que se afirma somente em
Em levantamento faunístico realizado na
serapilheira de uma propriedade localizada na Serra
de Guaramiranga, Ceará, foi encontrada grande
variedade de animais nessa camada superficial do
solo. Considerando-se o ambiente em que foi feito o
levantamento, espera-se encontrar representantes
de
TEXT
The global mortality rate for children younger than 5 has dropped by nearly half since 1990, the United Nations said Tuesday in an annual report on progress aimed at ensuring child survival, but the decline still falls short of meeting the organization’s goal of a two-thirds reduction by next year. Without accelerated improvements in reducing health risks to young children, the report said, that goal will not be reached until 2026, 11 years behind schedule.
Nearly all of the countries with the highest mortality rates are in Africa, the report said, and two countries that are among the world’s most populous — India and Nigeria — account for nearly a third of all deaths among children younger than 5.
A collaboration of Unicef, other United Nations agencies and the World Bank, the report provides a barometer of health care and nutrition in every country. A child mortality rate can be a potent indicator of other elements in a country’s basic quality of life.
The report showed that the mortality rate for children younger than 5, the most vulnerable period, fell to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births last year, from 90 per 1,000 births in 1990. It also showed that the gap in mortality rates between the richest and poorest households had fallen in all regions over most of the past two decades, except for sub-Saharan Africa.
The report attributed much of the progress to broad interventions over the years against leading infectious diseases in some of the most impoverished regions, including immunizations and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, as well improvements in health care to expectant mothers and in battling the effects of diarrhea and other dehydrating maladies that pose acute risks to the young.
“There has been dramatic and accelerating progress in reducing mortality among children, and the data prove that success is possible even for poorly resourced countries,” Dr. Mickey Chopra, the head of global health programs for Unicef, said in a statement about the report’s conclusions.
Geeta Rao Gupta, Unicef’s deputy executive director, said, “The data clearly demonstrate that an infant’s chances of survival increase dramatically when their mother has sustained access to quality health care during pregnancy and delivery.”
Despite the advances, from 1990 and 2013, 223 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday, a number that the report called “staggering.” In 2013, the report said, 6.3 million children younger than 5 died, 200,000 fewer than the year before. Nonetheless, that is still the equivalent of about 17,000 child deaths a day, largely attributable to preventable causes that include insufficient nutrition; complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery; pneumonia; diarrhea; and malaria.
While sub-Saharan Africa has reduced the under-5 mortality rate by 48 percent since 1990, the report said, the region still has the world’s highest rate: 92 deaths per 1,000 live births, nearly 15 times the average in the most affluent countries. Put another way, the report said, children born in Angola, which has the world’s highest rate — 167 deaths per 1,000 live births — are 84 times as likely to die before they turn 5 as children born in Luxembourg, with the lowest rate — two per 1,000.
The report noted that “a child’s risk of dying increases if she or he is born in a remote rural area, into a poor household or to a mother with no education.”
From: www.nytimes.com Sept. 16, 2014
Although the United Nations annual report
shows mortality rate for children under 5 has
dropped considerably worldwide, it is crucial to note
that
TEXT
The global mortality rate for children younger than 5 has dropped by nearly half since 1990, the United Nations said Tuesday in an annual report on progress aimed at ensuring child survival, but the decline still falls short of meeting the organization’s goal of a two-thirds reduction by next year. Without accelerated improvements in reducing health risks to young children, the report said, that goal will not be reached until 2026, 11 years behind schedule.
Nearly all of the countries with the highest mortality rates are in Africa, the report said, and two countries that are among the world’s most populous — India and Nigeria — account for nearly a third of all deaths among children younger than 5.
A collaboration of Unicef, other United Nations agencies and the World Bank, the report provides a barometer of health care and nutrition in every country. A child mortality rate can be a potent indicator of other elements in a country’s basic quality of life.
The report showed that the mortality rate for children younger than 5, the most vulnerable period, fell to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births last year, from 90 per 1,000 births in 1990. It also showed that the gap in mortality rates between the richest and poorest households had fallen in all regions over most of the past two decades, except for sub-Saharan Africa.
The report attributed much of the progress to broad interventions over the years against leading infectious diseases in some of the most impoverished regions, including immunizations and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, as well improvements in health care to expectant mothers and in battling the effects of diarrhea and other dehydrating maladies that pose acute risks to the young.
“There has been dramatic and accelerating progress in reducing mortality among children, and the data prove that success is possible even for poorly resourced countries,” Dr. Mickey Chopra, the head of global health programs for Unicef, said in a statement about the report’s conclusions.
Geeta Rao Gupta, Unicef’s deputy executive director, said, “The data clearly demonstrate that an infant’s chances of survival increase dramatically when their mother has sustained access to quality health care during pregnancy and delivery.”
Despite the advances, from 1990 and 2013, 223 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday, a number that the report called “staggering.” In 2013, the report said, 6.3 million children younger than 5 died, 200,000 fewer than the year before. Nonetheless, that is still the equivalent of about 17,000 child deaths a day, largely attributable to preventable causes that include insufficient nutrition; complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery; pneumonia; diarrhea; and malaria.
While sub-Saharan Africa has reduced the under-5 mortality rate by 48 percent since 1990, the report said, the region still has the world’s highest rate: 92 deaths per 1,000 live births, nearly 15 times the average in the most affluent countries. Put another way, the report said, children born in Angola, which has the world’s highest rate — 167 deaths per 1,000 live births — are 84 times as likely to die before they turn 5 as children born in Luxembourg, with the lowest rate — two per 1,000.
The report noted that “a child’s risk of dying increases if she or he is born in a remote rural area, into a poor household or to a mother with no education.”
From: www.nytimes.com Sept. 16, 2014
One positive aspect Dr. Chopra cites is that the
report shows
TEXT
The global mortality rate for children younger than 5 has dropped by nearly half since 1990, the United Nations said Tuesday in an annual report on progress aimed at ensuring child survival, but the decline still falls short of meeting the organization’s goal of a two-thirds reduction by next year. Without accelerated improvements in reducing health risks to young children, the report said, that goal will not be reached until 2026, 11 years behind schedule.
Nearly all of the countries with the highest mortality rates are in Africa, the report said, and two countries that are among the world’s most populous — India and Nigeria — account for nearly a third of all deaths among children younger than 5.
A collaboration of Unicef, other United Nations agencies and the World Bank, the report provides a barometer of health care and nutrition in every country. A child mortality rate can be a potent indicator of other elements in a country’s basic quality of life.
The report showed that the mortality rate for children younger than 5, the most vulnerable period, fell to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births last year, from 90 per 1,000 births in 1990. It also showed that the gap in mortality rates between the richest and poorest households had fallen in all regions over most of the past two decades, except for sub-Saharan Africa.
The report attributed much of the progress to broad interventions over the years against leading infectious diseases in some of the most impoverished regions, including immunizations and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, as well improvements in health care to expectant mothers and in battling the effects of diarrhea and other dehydrating maladies that pose acute risks to the young.
“There has been dramatic and accelerating progress in reducing mortality among children, and the data prove that success is possible even for poorly resourced countries,” Dr. Mickey Chopra, the head of global health programs for Unicef, said in a statement about the report’s conclusions.
Geeta Rao Gupta, Unicef’s deputy executive director, said, “The data clearly demonstrate that an infant’s chances of survival increase dramatically when their mother has sustained access to quality health care during pregnancy and delivery.”
Despite the advances, from 1990 and 2013, 223 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday, a number that the report called “staggering.” In 2013, the report said, 6.3 million children younger than 5 died, 200,000 fewer than the year before. Nonetheless, that is still the equivalent of about 17,000 child deaths a day, largely attributable to preventable causes that include insufficient nutrition; complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery; pneumonia; diarrhea; and malaria.
While sub-Saharan Africa has reduced the under-5 mortality rate by 48 percent since 1990, the report said, the region still has the world’s highest rate: 92 deaths per 1,000 live births, nearly 15 times the average in the most affluent countries. Put another way, the report said, children born in Angola, which has the world’s highest rate — 167 deaths per 1,000 live births — are 84 times as likely to die before they turn 5 as children born in Luxembourg, with the lowest rate — two per 1,000.
The report noted that “a child’s risk of dying increases if she or he is born in a remote rural area, into a poor household or to a mother with no education.”
From: www.nytimes.com Sept. 16, 2014
The world's highest under-five mortality rate is
in
TEXT
The global mortality rate for children younger than 5 has dropped by nearly half since 1990, the United Nations said Tuesday in an annual report on progress aimed at ensuring child survival, but the decline still falls short of meeting the organization’s goal of a two-thirds reduction by next year. Without accelerated improvements in reducing health risks to young children, the report said, that goal will not be reached until 2026, 11 years behind schedule.
Nearly all of the countries with the highest mortality rates are in Africa, the report said, and two countries that are among the world’s most populous — India and Nigeria — account for nearly a third of all deaths among children younger than 5.
A collaboration of Unicef, other United Nations agencies and the World Bank, the report provides a barometer of health care and nutrition in every country. A child mortality rate can be a potent indicator of other elements in a country’s basic quality of life.
The report showed that the mortality rate for children younger than 5, the most vulnerable period, fell to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births last year, from 90 per 1,000 births in 1990. It also showed that the gap in mortality rates between the richest and poorest households had fallen in all regions over most of the past two decades, except for sub-Saharan Africa.
The report attributed much of the progress to broad interventions over the years against leading infectious diseases in some of the most impoverished regions, including immunizations and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, as well improvements in health care to expectant mothers and in battling the effects of diarrhea and other dehydrating maladies that pose acute risks to the young.
“There has been dramatic and accelerating progress in reducing mortality among children, and the data prove that success is possible even for poorly resourced countries,” Dr. Mickey Chopra, the head of global health programs for Unicef, said in a statement about the report’s conclusions.
Geeta Rao Gupta, Unicef’s deputy executive director, said, “The data clearly demonstrate that an infant’s chances of survival increase dramatically when their mother has sustained access to quality health care during pregnancy and delivery.”
Despite the advances, from 1990 and 2013, 223 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday, a number that the report called “staggering.” In 2013, the report said, 6.3 million children younger than 5 died, 200,000 fewer than the year before. Nonetheless, that is still the equivalent of about 17,000 child deaths a day, largely attributable to preventable causes that include insufficient nutrition; complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery; pneumonia; diarrhea; and malaria.
While sub-Saharan Africa has reduced the under-5 mortality rate by 48 percent since 1990, the report said, the region still has the world’s highest rate: 92 deaths per 1,000 live births, nearly 15 times the average in the most affluent countries. Put another way, the report said, children born in Angola, which has the world’s highest rate — 167 deaths per 1,000 live births — are 84 times as likely to die before they turn 5 as children born in Luxembourg, with the lowest rate — two per 1,000.
The report noted that “a child’s risk of dying increases if she or he is born in a remote rural area, into a poor household or to a mother with no education.”
From: www.nytimes.com Sept. 16, 2014
Some of the broad interventions that brought
progress against the mortality rate for children
include
TEXT
The global mortality rate for children younger than 5 has dropped by nearly half since 1990, the United Nations said Tuesday in an annual report on progress aimed at ensuring child survival, but the decline still falls short of meeting the organization’s goal of a two-thirds reduction by next year. Without accelerated improvements in reducing health risks to young children, the report said, that goal will not be reached until 2026, 11 years behind schedule.
Nearly all of the countries with the highest mortality rates are in Africa, the report said, and two countries that are among the world’s most populous — India and Nigeria — account for nearly a third of all deaths among children younger than 5.
A collaboration of Unicef, other United Nations agencies and the World Bank, the report provides a barometer of health care and nutrition in every country. A child mortality rate can be a potent indicator of other elements in a country’s basic quality of life.
The report showed that the mortality rate for children younger than 5, the most vulnerable period, fell to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births last year, from 90 per 1,000 births in 1990. It also showed that the gap in mortality rates between the richest and poorest households had fallen in all regions over most of the past two decades, except for sub-Saharan Africa.
The report attributed much of the progress to broad interventions over the years against leading infectious diseases in some of the most impoverished regions, including immunizations and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, as well improvements in health care to expectant mothers and in battling the effects of diarrhea and other dehydrating maladies that pose acute risks to the young.
“There has been dramatic and accelerating progress in reducing mortality among children, and the data prove that success is possible even for poorly resourced countries,” Dr. Mickey Chopra, the head of global health programs for Unicef, said in a statement about the report’s conclusions.
Geeta Rao Gupta, Unicef’s deputy executive director, said, “The data clearly demonstrate that an infant’s chances of survival increase dramatically when their mother has sustained access to quality health care during pregnancy and delivery.”
Despite the advances, from 1990 and 2013, 223 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday, a number that the report called “staggering.” In 2013, the report said, 6.3 million children younger than 5 died, 200,000 fewer than the year before. Nonetheless, that is still the equivalent of about 17,000 child deaths a day, largely attributable to preventable causes that include insufficient nutrition; complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery; pneumonia; diarrhea; and malaria.
While sub-Saharan Africa has reduced the under-5 mortality rate by 48 percent since 1990, the report said, the region still has the world’s highest rate: 92 deaths per 1,000 live births, nearly 15 times the average in the most affluent countries. Put another way, the report said, children born in Angola, which has the world’s highest rate — 167 deaths per 1,000 live births — are 84 times as likely to die before they turn 5 as children born in Luxembourg, with the lowest rate — two per 1,000.
The report noted that “a child’s risk of dying increases if she or he is born in a remote rural area, into a poor household or to a mother with no education.”
From: www.nytimes.com Sept. 16, 2014
Infant mortality rate is among the factors that
account for the measurement of a nation’s
TEXT
The global mortality rate for children younger than 5 has dropped by nearly half since 1990, the United Nations said Tuesday in an annual report on progress aimed at ensuring child survival, but the decline still falls short of meeting the organization’s goal of a two-thirds reduction by next year. Without accelerated improvements in reducing health risks to young children, the report said, that goal will not be reached until 2026, 11 years behind schedule.
Nearly all of the countries with the highest mortality rates are in Africa, the report said, and two countries that are among the world’s most populous — India and Nigeria — account for nearly a third of all deaths among children younger than 5.
A collaboration of Unicef, other United Nations agencies and the World Bank, the report provides a barometer of health care and nutrition in every country. A child mortality rate can be a potent indicator of other elements in a country’s basic quality of life.
The report showed that the mortality rate for children younger than 5, the most vulnerable period, fell to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births last year, from 90 per 1,000 births in 1990. It also showed that the gap in mortality rates between the richest and poorest households had fallen in all regions over most of the past two decades, except for sub-Saharan Africa.
The report attributed much of the progress to broad interventions over the years against leading infectious diseases in some of the most impoverished regions, including immunizations and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, as well improvements in health care to expectant mothers and in battling the effects of diarrhea and other dehydrating maladies that pose acute risks to the young.
“There has been dramatic and accelerating progress in reducing mortality among children, and the data prove that success is possible even for poorly resourced countries,” Dr. Mickey Chopra, the head of global health programs for Unicef, said in a statement about the report’s conclusions.
Geeta Rao Gupta, Unicef’s deputy executive director, said, “The data clearly demonstrate that an infant’s chances of survival increase dramatically when their mother has sustained access to quality health care during pregnancy and delivery.”
Despite the advances, from 1990 and 2013, 223 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday, a number that the report called “staggering.” In 2013, the report said, 6.3 million children younger than 5 died, 200,000 fewer than the year before. Nonetheless, that is still the equivalent of about 17,000 child deaths a day, largely attributable to preventable causes that include insufficient nutrition; complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery; pneumonia; diarrhea; and malaria.
While sub-Saharan Africa has reduced the under-5 mortality rate by 48 percent since 1990, the report said, the region still has the world’s highest rate: 92 deaths per 1,000 live births, nearly 15 times the average in the most affluent countries. Put another way, the report said, children born in Angola, which has the world’s highest rate — 167 deaths per 1,000 live births — are 84 times as likely to die before they turn 5 as children born in Luxembourg, with the lowest rate — two per 1,000.
The report noted that “a child’s risk of dying increases if she or he is born in a remote rural area, into a poor household or to a mother with no education.”
From: www.nytimes.com Sept. 16, 2014
According to the UN annual report, one of the
factors that increase the risk of a child’s death is